As a sometime piano and organ rebuilder I've seen many substitutions of modern space age materials for the traditional wood, leather, and felt over the years. They have almost invariably failed, and frequently make it way harder for the next guy, as removal of the latest space-age goop so you can rebuild a piece adds many "happy" hours to the project. You really learn that hot hide glue is your friend after rebuilding a few instruments!
I'm not saying there is no role for modern materials, just a warning to test extensively. It would require incredible care in design to start swapping carbon fiber for wood and maintain the tone and feel. I'd very much want to play an identical instrument on which such a restoration had been done to see whether or not it works. In a new piano, designed from the ground up with those parts, I'm sure it's possible to build a good instrument. As a retrofit I'd withhold judgement.
Rebuilding a piano can be a fun and rewarding, if tedious project (you get to do a lot of things 88 times). There are parts that are going to present a serious learning curve. Having a skilled and patient mentor will help a lot. Recrowning a soundboard and fitting bridges is not best learned by watching youtube, nor is the voicing of new hammers. (I still regard both of those things as being beyond my current knowledge/skills)
The traditional materials will give you an instrument good for another 50+ years of use; to me that seems pretty reasonable. Just because Steinway can't profitably rebuild an old action doesn't mean that you can't, the economics are different.