Samuel Espy
04-22-2014, 6:38 PM
I have been lurking this forum for months while developing my business plan and preparing to launch my business later this summer. Many thanks for all the informative posts. It is high time I delurkify myself. I have not yet made my laser purchase, but extensive research has narrowed it to a VLS3.5 or Trotec Speedy 100 (if I can get good enough show pricing). As part of my machine-selection research, I investigated the benefits of increased laser power for both raster and vector engravings on a variety of materials. I know the simple answer is "buy as much power as you can afford", but I am interested in a understanding, in a semi-qualitative way, the benefits of increased power. After all, increased power is not cheap and I must spend my modest resources to maximum benefit of the business. As I don't have my laser yet, I am certainly not an expert. However, it is my hope that the information in this post along with comments by veteran laser engravers might benefit other newbies in their laser power selection.
My approach for quantifying the benefits of higher laser power leveraged the job time estimator in Universal Laser's Universal Control Panel (UCP) with different simulations varying the base laser power for various materials. The job estimator proved quite accurate during earlier demonstrations by my rep. Even without a PC being connected to a laser, UCP offers significant functionality. My ULS rep. provided a link for its download. I used one file for all raster simulations which contained a 5.76"x5.76" photo, and a file containing a grid of alternating 1" squares and circles across the 12"x24" engraving area for all vector simulations. A VLS3.5 with a 2" lens and suggested P/S settings from UCP's materials database were used for all simulations.
Table 1 Raster job estimates from UCP using 5.76"x5.76" photo; 500 PPI; image density=5 (500 LPI); 2"lens
Material
Base Laser Power [W]
P[%]
S[%]
UCP time [h:mm:ss]
Increase in machine power compared to 30W
Engraving time speedup compared to 30W for same material
Increase in S compared to 30W for same material
Alder
30
100
70
0:15:16
0%
0%
0%
Alder
40
100
80
0:15:00
33%
2%
14%
Alder
50
100
95
0:14:49
67%
3%
36%
Anodized Al
30
43
100
0:14:41
0%
0%
0%
Anodized Al
50
25
100
0:14:41
67%
0%
0%
Soda Lime Glass
30
100
53
0:16:43
0%
0%
0%
Soda Lime Glass
40
100
68
0:15:16
33%
9%
28%
Soda Lime Glass
50
100
84
0:14:56
67%
11%
58%
Hard Marble
30
100
70
0:15:16
0%
0%
0%
Cast Acrylic deep engrave
30
100
49
0:17:26
0%
0%
0%
Cast Acrylic deep engrave
60
100
86
0:14:53
100%
15%
76%
Observations regarding power/materials raster study:
Increasing machine power from 30-60W offers minimal improvement in engraving times for these materials (not that surprising). What does surprise me is the magnitude of engraving-time improvement (very small) compared to the appreciable increase in S for higher powers. For raster I would expect far less increase in engrave time than S increases, but not as small as the UCP estimates indicate. Obviously it takes time to switch directions at the end of each scan line, but I would have expected a somewhat better increase in engrave times for a 5.76" square image.
Table 2 Vector cutting time estimates from UCP using grid of alternating 1" squares and 1" D circles with 0.25" gap between each shape (across 12"x24" bed); 2" lens; 0.25" material thickness; standard vector performance
Material
Base Laser Power [W]
P[%]
S[%]
PPI
UCP time [h:mm:ss]
Calc. time: (t of 30W)*(power machine)/30W [s]
UCP time/ calc time
thickest cut possible ["]
Maple
30
100
2.3
300
0:44:38
0:44:38
1.00
0.30
Maple
40
100
3.1
300
0:34:53
0:33:29
1.04
0.39
Maple
60
100
4.3
300
0:25:28
0:22:19
1.14
0.51
Balsa
30
100
10.0
300
0:11:36
0:11:36
1.00
0.40
Balsa
40
100
12.0
300
0:10:13
0:08:42
1.17
0.52
Balsa
60
100
15.0
300
0:09:13
0:05:48
1.59
0.67
MDF
30
100
2.4
250
0:43:06
0:43:06
1.00
0.40
MDF
40
100
3.2
250
0:33:49
0:32:20
1.05
0.44
MDF
60
100
4.8
250
0:22:56
0:21:33
1.06
0.53
Cast Acrylic
30
100
1.3
1000
1:16:23
1:16:23
1.00
0.46
Cast Acrylic
40
100
2.0
1000
0:50:02
0:57:17
0.87
0.46
Cast Acrylic
60
100
3.1
1000
0:34:53
0:38:12
0.91
0.57
Observations regarding power/materials vector cutting study:
For wood materials and two lasers of max power W1 and W2 requiring cut times of t1 and t2 respectively for the same job, t2 will require slightly more time than t1*W1/W2. This assumes that both cut jobs are made using max power.
As indicated by Balsa example above at 60W, this relationship does not hold for some cases. I am not sure what is causing the Balsa outlier. Three things I notice which are different for the outlier: 1) the thickness of material is considerably less than max thickness that can be cut for that laser power, 2) the speed is slightly higher than the others, and 3) these are likely related to Balsa's low density and properties. This relationship is not valid for Acrylic. Surprisingly, (UCP time)/(Calc time) [i.e. t2*W2/(t1*W1)] is less than 1. Possibly due to the details of how Acrylic melts, conducts heat, etc.
My approach for quantifying the benefits of higher laser power leveraged the job time estimator in Universal Laser's Universal Control Panel (UCP) with different simulations varying the base laser power for various materials. The job estimator proved quite accurate during earlier demonstrations by my rep. Even without a PC being connected to a laser, UCP offers significant functionality. My ULS rep. provided a link for its download. I used one file for all raster simulations which contained a 5.76"x5.76" photo, and a file containing a grid of alternating 1" squares and circles across the 12"x24" engraving area for all vector simulations. A VLS3.5 with a 2" lens and suggested P/S settings from UCP's materials database were used for all simulations.
Table 1 Raster job estimates from UCP using 5.76"x5.76" photo; 500 PPI; image density=5 (500 LPI); 2"lens
Material
Base Laser Power [W]
P[%]
S[%]
UCP time [h:mm:ss]
Increase in machine power compared to 30W
Engraving time speedup compared to 30W for same material
Increase in S compared to 30W for same material
Alder
30
100
70
0:15:16
0%
0%
0%
Alder
40
100
80
0:15:00
33%
2%
14%
Alder
50
100
95
0:14:49
67%
3%
36%
Anodized Al
30
43
100
0:14:41
0%
0%
0%
Anodized Al
50
25
100
0:14:41
67%
0%
0%
Soda Lime Glass
30
100
53
0:16:43
0%
0%
0%
Soda Lime Glass
40
100
68
0:15:16
33%
9%
28%
Soda Lime Glass
50
100
84
0:14:56
67%
11%
58%
Hard Marble
30
100
70
0:15:16
0%
0%
0%
Cast Acrylic deep engrave
30
100
49
0:17:26
0%
0%
0%
Cast Acrylic deep engrave
60
100
86
0:14:53
100%
15%
76%
Observations regarding power/materials raster study:
Increasing machine power from 30-60W offers minimal improvement in engraving times for these materials (not that surprising). What does surprise me is the magnitude of engraving-time improvement (very small) compared to the appreciable increase in S for higher powers. For raster I would expect far less increase in engrave time than S increases, but not as small as the UCP estimates indicate. Obviously it takes time to switch directions at the end of each scan line, but I would have expected a somewhat better increase in engrave times for a 5.76" square image.
Table 2 Vector cutting time estimates from UCP using grid of alternating 1" squares and 1" D circles with 0.25" gap between each shape (across 12"x24" bed); 2" lens; 0.25" material thickness; standard vector performance
Material
Base Laser Power [W]
P[%]
S[%]
PPI
UCP time [h:mm:ss]
Calc. time: (t of 30W)*(power machine)/30W [s]
UCP time/ calc time
thickest cut possible ["]
Maple
30
100
2.3
300
0:44:38
0:44:38
1.00
0.30
Maple
40
100
3.1
300
0:34:53
0:33:29
1.04
0.39
Maple
60
100
4.3
300
0:25:28
0:22:19
1.14
0.51
Balsa
30
100
10.0
300
0:11:36
0:11:36
1.00
0.40
Balsa
40
100
12.0
300
0:10:13
0:08:42
1.17
0.52
Balsa
60
100
15.0
300
0:09:13
0:05:48
1.59
0.67
MDF
30
100
2.4
250
0:43:06
0:43:06
1.00
0.40
MDF
40
100
3.2
250
0:33:49
0:32:20
1.05
0.44
MDF
60
100
4.8
250
0:22:56
0:21:33
1.06
0.53
Cast Acrylic
30
100
1.3
1000
1:16:23
1:16:23
1.00
0.46
Cast Acrylic
40
100
2.0
1000
0:50:02
0:57:17
0.87
0.46
Cast Acrylic
60
100
3.1
1000
0:34:53
0:38:12
0.91
0.57
Observations regarding power/materials vector cutting study:
For wood materials and two lasers of max power W1 and W2 requiring cut times of t1 and t2 respectively for the same job, t2 will require slightly more time than t1*W1/W2. This assumes that both cut jobs are made using max power.
As indicated by Balsa example above at 60W, this relationship does not hold for some cases. I am not sure what is causing the Balsa outlier. Three things I notice which are different for the outlier: 1) the thickness of material is considerably less than max thickness that can be cut for that laser power, 2) the speed is slightly higher than the others, and 3) these are likely related to Balsa's low density and properties. This relationship is not valid for Acrylic. Surprisingly, (UCP time)/(Calc time) [i.e. t2*W2/(t1*W1)] is less than 1. Possibly due to the details of how Acrylic melts, conducts heat, etc.